This report is from this week's CNBC's "Inside India" newsletter which brings you timely, insightful news and market commentary on the emerging powerhouse and the big businesses behind its meteoric rise. Like what you see? You can subscribe here.

The big story

Indian stocks reached dizzying heights this week with a record-breaking 14-day rally.

Equities also set six all-time highs within that period.

This enthusiasm isn't new, though. The Nifty 50 has been on the march throughout the year. There have been 44 record highs set in this year's 169 trading sessions, according to CNBC's count.

However, the latest economic data shows what could become the first blemish in the South Asian nation's perfect growth story. GDP slowed to 6.7% in the second calendar quarter compared to last year's 8.2%.

Bank of America swiftly downgraded India's near-term economic growth to 6.8% for the current financial year, compared to previous expectations of 7.2%. The Wall Street bank also sees GDP only modestly rising to 7% the following year, below the Indian central bank's forecast.

"As signaled by other macro indicators, like low inflation, a small current account deficit, and rapidly consolidating fiscal balances, there is rising slack in the economy," said BofA's India economist Rahul Bajoria. "This is further corroborated by evidence of faltering consumer and business confidence, albeit persistent asset price inflation."

If it persists, the slowdown is likely to become a key risk for equities. Not only will it be the first time that economic growth has cooled since the Covid-19 pandemic, but it would also come at a time when monetary and fiscal policy is tightening.

Domestic politics also pose a risk. If the government redirects spending toward welfare from capital expenditure — a potential shift since Prime Minister Narendra Modi's party lost its majority in the general election — it risks reigniting inflationary forces while adding downward pressure on companies' earnings that would have benefited from infrastructure spend.

These risks could reveal themselves in the form of a correction in the equity market — meaning a drop of more than 10% from the most recent peak, according to Morgan Stanley.

But the most surprising worry for investors this week should come from the stock market's own success.

Indian stocks now have the largest weighting in the MSCI Emerging Markets Investable Market Index with 22.14%, overtaking the 21.5% allocation toward China.

"Rising index weight can be a tell tale sign of exuberance," said Morgan Stanley's Ridham Desai in a note to clients on Sept 4. "Of course, it could also be happening due to fundamental factors such as improving free float and rising relative earnings."

The equity strategist believes that as foreign investors allocate more money toward India, they are being outbid by domestic systematic fund flows, pushing up valuations.

Desai points to China's history when, in 2008, it became the largest weighting in the index. Chinese stocks then underperformed the broader emerging market index for the next four years.

"India does not need to follow the same template but the point to note is that India is gaining share in global GDP and, hence, gaining share in the global market," Desai said, adding, "a bull market peak is possibly still in the future and India's weight in the [emerging market] index could have some more distance to travel before it peaks."

— CNBC's Michael Bloom contributed reporting.

Need to know

India and Singapore forge agreement on chips. PM Narendra Modi has been on a two-day visit to Singapore this week, following his historic trip to Brunei. The two governments signed memorandums of understanding for cooperation on a number of key areas including semiconductors. CNBC's Tanvir Gill managed to have a discussion with Modi during the visit.

Water shortages are likely brewing future wars. The diminishing availability of water resources should be considered one of the most pressing environmental security challenges of the century, an expert told CNBC. While very much not confined to India, there have been warnings about shortages hurting New Delhi's sovereign credit strength and both the Brahmaputra River and the Indus River have been described as particular flashpoints.

First stop India. [subscriber content] Malcolm Dorson, a senior portfolio manager at Global X ETFs, told CNBC that investors are "looking for international allocations, and their first stop has been India." He's named six large-cap stocks as a way to play the Indian market.

What happened in the markets?

Indian stocks are taking a breather after a big rally. The Nifty 50 index closed at 25,145 points, down 0.14% so far this week. The index has risen 15.65% this year.

The benchmark 10-year Indian government bond yield has stayed relatively flat at around 6.85%.

On CNBC TV this week, Rana Gupta, the managing director of Indian equities at Manulife Investment Management, discusses the performance and outlook of public sector banks in the country.

We also had Santanu Sengupta of Goldman Sachs who said the Reserve Bank of India could "tone down the hawkish guidance" in its October meeting if food inflation eases. Staying on that topic, Pranjul Bhandari, the chief India economist at HSBC, gave her prediction on RBI rate cuts.

What's happening next week?

Shares of apparel retailer Baazar Style Retail will debut on Friday and Gala Precision Engineering will list on Monday.

September 6: U.S. unemployment, Baazar Style Retail IPO

September 9: Gala Precision Engineering IPO

September 11: U.K. GDP, U.S. inflation

September 12: European Central Bank interest rate